The hospital was founded in 1884 on the grounds of the former State Reform School for Boys, which had operated since 1848. The existing structures were repurposed to serve the needs of a psychiatric facility, and the hospital officially opened on December 1, 1886. It was the first homeopathic hospital for the mentally ill in New England, reflecting the era's interest in alternative medical treatments.
Architecturally, the hospital complex featured a variety of styles, including Mid-19th Century Revival, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow/Craftsman. Notable architects such as Elias Carter and Kendall, Taylor & Stevens contributed to its design. The campus encompassed over 600 acres, situated between Lyman Street and Chauncy Lake, providing a tranquil environment believed to be beneficial for patient recovery.
Throughout its operation, Westborough State Hospital expanded its facilities and services to accommodate a growing patient population. By the early 20th century, it had become a self-sustaining community with its own farms, power plant, and workshops. The hospital was notable for its progressive approaches to mental health care, including the establishment of specialized units.
One of the most significant figures associated with the hospital was Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller, a pioneering African American psychiatrist and neurologist. In the early 1900s, Dr. Fuller conducted groundbreaking research on Alzheimer's disease at Westborough, contributing to the understanding of neurological disorders.
Additionally, the hospital was unique in New England for having a dedicated unit for deaf and hard-of-hearing patients, reflecting a commitment to inclusive care.
As the 20th century progressed, changes in mental health care policies and the deinstitutionalization movement led to a decline in the use of large psychiatric hospitals. Westborough State Hospital experienced a gradual reduction in patient numbers and services. In anticipation of the opening of a new Worcester State Hospital, Westborough ceased operations in 2010.
Following its closure, efforts were made to honor the memory of those who had died at the hospital. On May 9, 2015, a memorial service was held at Pine Grove Cemetery for over 500 patients whose remains were unclaimed and buried in a potter's field.
The hospital complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994, recognizing its architectural and historical significance. However, despite this designation, the buildings fell into disrepair after the hospital's closure. In 2019, the entire complex was demolished to make way for new development.
The site is currently being transformed into a senior living complex, aiming to provide modern housing while acknowledging the land's historical importance.
Westborough State Hospital's legacy lies in its contributions to the field of mental health care and its reflection of changing societal attitudes toward mental illness. From its pioneering homeopathic treatments to its inclusive services for diverse patient populations, the hospital represents both the advancements and challenges of psychiatric care over more than a century. Its history continues to inform contemporary discussions on mental health and institutional care.
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